• Discrepancies in the reported results and conclusions from d

  2021-09-13

  

  Discrepancies in the reported results and conclusions from different groups regarding studies in ghrelin−/− and ghsr−/− mice are likely explained by the mixed background of the mutant mice used in the different studies [35]; although in the case of mice exposed to HFD, exposure to a HFD immediately

• Murine models of sickle disease have been valuable tools in

  2021-09-13

  

  Murine models of sickle disease have been valuable tools in the study of human SCD pathogenesis [15], [16], and will continue to be central to development of novel approaches to disease treatment. The SAD mouse model of sickle disease is particularly remarkable for its erythrocyte dehydration phenot

• br Some Gardos channel perplexities While much is

  2021-09-13

  

  Some Gardos channel perplexities While much is known about the Gardos channel (inside Ca2+-activated K+ channel) and it's characteristics in human red blood multidrug resistance transporter (e.g. [18,19]), there are a number of intriguing and unexplained phenomena that are in much need of study.

• Since the Gardos channel Ca sensor have been shown to

  2021-09-13

  

  Since the Gardos channel Ca2+ sensor have been shown to be constitutively bound calmodulin [16] and the PMCA is activated by association to a calcium–calmodulin complex, it seems probable that the NS309 agonist effect is caused by direct interaction with the Gardos channel, and not by an action on c

• br Presenilins and Wnt catenin signalling Several groups hav

  2021-09-13

  

  Presenilins and Wnt/β-catenin signalling Several groups have provided substantial data indicating that PS1 acts as a negative modulator of the transcriptional activity of the β-catenin/Tcf-4 complex (Fig. 4) [120], [121], [122]. β-Catenin is a multifunctional protein that was first described as a

• To date three GAL subtype receptors have been cloned and

  2021-09-13

  

  To date, three GAL subtype receptors have been cloned and characterized, GALR1, GALR2 and GALR3. However, it is unknown which one(s) of the three subtype receptors in 8380 is most effective to regulate insulin resistance in diabetic rats as yet. Recent studies fromanimalmodels of diabetes and obesi

• Recently the classical view of the compartmentalization of t

  2021-09-13

  

  Recently, the classical view of the compartmentalization of the plant isoprenoid metabolism has been re-evaluated, following the demonstration of the partial peroxisomal localization of the mevalonic Bromfenac Sodium (MVA) pathway, generally regarded as cytosolic. Using GFP-tagging approaches, the

• It has been reported that CD glioma

  2021-09-11

  

  It has been reported that CD133+ glioma stem cfse are resistant to temozolomide (TMZ) therapy [155]. Dose dependent TMZ treatment of CD133+ cells enhanced activities of the Notch and SHh pathways [156]. Moreover, 500 μmol/L TMZ induced a significant upregulation of Gli1, HES1 and HES5 transcripts.

• br FXR Agonists Azepinol b indole hEC nM efficacy eff

  2021-09-11

  

  FXR Agonists Azepinol[4,5-b]indole 1 (hEC50=600nM, efficacy (eff)=100%) was identified as a FXR agonist lead from a high-throughput screening effort. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies around the azepine ring demonstrated that dialkyl substitution at C-1 led to a 30-fold improvement in

• Previously we have shown that the natural

  2021-09-11

  

  Previously, we have shown that the natural flavonoid compounds that possess C-4 ketone group and C-5 hydroxy group, such as baicalein, luteolin, myricetin and quercetin, effectively inhibit human GLO I. Considering our interest in inhibitors of GLO I and based on the rationale mentioned above, struc

• GSK 650394 In summary activated A AR exacerbated the reverse

  2021-09-11

  

  In summary, activated A2AR exacerbated the reverse transport function of endothelial EAATs through a direct or indirect pathway depending on PKA and glutamate levels in response to OGD in vitro, but A2AR inhibition quickly restored the normal transport function. Moreover, the key mechanisms by whic

• br NMDA receptor LBDs The study of GluA

  2021-09-11

  

  NMDA receptor LBDs The study of GluA2 was later expanded to include NMDA receptors [22]. NMDA receptors are obligate heterotetramers that are composed of two glutamate-binding subunits and two glycine-, or d-serine-, binding subunits. In this study, crystal structures of the NMDA receptor glycine

• The inhibition of HDAC increases the level of

  2021-09-11

  

  The inhibition of HDAC increases the level of histone acetylation and consequently turns the chromatin to be loose and active, allowing multiple transcription factors to access to promoters of diverse genes including tumor suppressor genes []. As compound possessed potent HDAC inhibitory activity an

• Considering its role in regulating cytoskeletal dynamics the

  2021-09-11

  

  Considering its role in regulating cytoskeletal dynamics, the Rho kinase effector ROCK has been particularly implicated in tumor metastasis. The ROCK inhibitors Y27632 and fasudil have been extensively studied in cancer and beneficial effects have been observed in many types of cancers (Kale et al.,

• G protein coupled receptors GPCRs constitute a large family

  2021-09-11

  

  G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a large family of 7 trans-membrane-spanning proteins that activate internal signal transduction cascades through binding to different ligands including neurotransmitters, peptides, and lipids [7]. This family of receptors has therapeutic potentials in t

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