• GPR which is also known as FFA receptor

  2021-11-04

  

  GPR40, which is also known as FFA receptor 1 (FFAR1 or FFA1), was identified as an orphan receptor in the search for novel human galanin receptor (GALR) subtypes in 1997. Using reverse pharmacology approaches measuring calcium transients, GPR40 were deorphanized and characterized as being activated

• Compounds that induce exocytosis in cultured cells include C

  2021-11-04

  

  Compounds that induce exocytosis in cultured Cyclo include Ca2+-dependent [14] or Ca2+-independent [15] mechanisms. Ca2+-dependent exocytosis releases soluble enzyme content from lysosomes [16] operating by increasing the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+[13] by recruiting extracellular Ca2+[14], lib

• In the next set of

  2021-11-04

  

  In the next set of experiments, we sought to determine the source of lysosomal wst-1 assay synthesis inhibition by oxidative stress. Lysosomal exocytosis probably involves multiple steps including vesicle positioning, delivery, docking and fusion. The previous evidence and data in Fig. 1C,D show th

• The VirScan assay has several

  2021-11-04

  

  The VirScan assay has several advantages over alternative multiplex serological assays for peptide discovery. These advantages include quantitative assessment of antibody binding to peptides that span all open reading frames in the HIV genome, including both structural and regulatory proteins; repre

• The newest histamine receptor to be discovered

  2021-11-03

  

  The newest histamine receptor to be discovered is the H4 receptor, which was identified in humans and cloned in 2000 (Thurmond, 2010). Genetically, the H4 receptor is closely related to the H3 receptor, but is restricted to molar volume calculator within the spleen, intestines and thymus, and to im

• HO acted as an intracellular defender against oxidative stre

  2021-11-03

  

  HO-1 acted as an intracellular defender against oxidative stress-induced cell damage. To elucidate the effects of HO-1 in ropivacaine-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cells, HO-1 activity was inhibited using a specific HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin, ZnPP. Our results indicate that ZnPP treatmen

• Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Since

  2021-11-03

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Since LF is a protease, rapid and direct purification is critical for production of functional rLF. Although previous investigators improved the rLF quality by simplifying purification steps, avoiding formation of inclusion body, decreasing degradation

• Endomorphin-1 br Acknowledgements br Funding This work was s

  2021-11-03

  

  Acknowledgements Funding: This work was supported by the Instituto Nacional de Biomedicina do Semiárido (INCT-IBISAB-CNPq), Edital MCT/CNPq N° 014/2010 - Universal and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Introduction Guanylin and uroguanylin are small, heat-

• Triptolide The life cycle of T cruzi requires

  2021-11-03

  

  The life cycle of T. cruzi requires both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. In the insect (invertebrate) vector, the protozoan undergoes extracellular replication, whereas in the mammalian (vertebrate) host it replicates by obligate intracellular multiplication (Rodrigues et al., 2014). Hence, the p

• One possible pathway summarizing the overall action involves

  2021-11-03

  

  One possible pathway summarizing the overall action involves NMDA receptor activation – Ca2+ influx – protein kinase A (PKA) activation – ERK phosphorylation and subsequent synaptic plasticity (Thomas and Huganir, 2004). A few studies have also shown modulation of synaptic glutamate transporters in

• In this study for the first time the

  2021-11-03

  

  In this study, for the first time: 1) the electrochemical glutamate oxidase-based biosensor was optimized for the determination of low micromolar glutamate concentrations; 2) the algorithm of the analysis of exocytotic and transporter–mediated glutamate release was developed; 3) the comparative anal

• In contrast to short term

  2021-11-03

  

  In contrast to short-term effects, long-term exposure of beta cells to FFAs impairs insulin secretion and triggers apoptosis [13]. The deleterious effects of FFAs have been linked to altered glucose/fatty cysteine protease inhibitor oxidation cycle [13], decreased NADPH content [14], endoplasmic re

• Several studies have shown that regulation of glutamate home

  2021-11-03

  

  Several studies have shown that regulation of glutamate homeostasis is critical in relapse to many drugs of abuse [84,85]. Glutamate is transported by GLT-1, which accounted for about 90% of glutamate clearance from the synaptic cleft [14,15]. CEF is known to produce its effects through GLT-1 upregu

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2021-11-03

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion BTB, as a necessary structure for the spermatogenic epithelium, provides an important internal environmental for spermatogenesis and its disruption leads to male infertility (Qiu et al., 2016). GJs and TJs which are mainly components of BTB play esse

• In contrast with the above results in

  2021-11-03

  

  In colorimetric assay with the above results, in our GC model system, FPR1-, but not FPR2-knockout, enhanced tumour formation. However, it should be noted that the prominent role of mFPR2 with respect to mFPR1 in the mouse colon might be due to the significantly higher expression of mFPR2 than mFPR

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