• Triptolide The life cycle of T cruzi requires

  2021-11-03

  

  The life cycle of T. cruzi requires both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. In the insect (invertebrate) vector, the protozoan undergoes extracellular replication, whereas in the mammalian (vertebrate) host it replicates by obligate intracellular multiplication (Rodrigues et al., 2014). Hence, the p

• One possible pathway summarizing the overall action involves

  2021-11-03

  

  One possible pathway summarizing the overall action involves NMDA receptor activation – Ca2+ influx – protein kinase A (PKA) activation – ERK phosphorylation and subsequent synaptic plasticity (Thomas and Huganir, 2004). A few studies have also shown modulation of synaptic glutamate transporters in

• In this study for the first time the

  2021-11-03

  

  In this study, for the first time: 1) the electrochemical glutamate oxidase-based biosensor was optimized for the determination of low micromolar glutamate concentrations; 2) the algorithm of the analysis of exocytotic and transporter–mediated glutamate release was developed; 3) the comparative anal

• In contrast to short term

  2021-11-03

  

  In contrast to short-term effects, long-term exposure of beta cells to FFAs impairs insulin secretion and triggers apoptosis [13]. The deleterious effects of FFAs have been linked to altered glucose/fatty cysteine protease inhibitor oxidation cycle [13], decreased NADPH content [14], endoplasmic re

• Several studies have shown that regulation of glutamate home

  2021-11-03

  

  Several studies have shown that regulation of glutamate homeostasis is critical in relapse to many drugs of abuse [84,85]. Glutamate is transported by GLT-1, which accounted for about 90% of glutamate clearance from the synaptic cleft [14,15]. CEF is known to produce its effects through GLT-1 upregu

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2021-11-03

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion BTB, as a necessary structure for the spermatogenic epithelium, provides an important internal environmental for spermatogenesis and its disruption leads to male infertility (Qiu et al., 2016). GJs and TJs which are mainly components of BTB play esse

• In contrast with the above results in

  2021-11-03

  

  In colorimetric assay with the above results, in our GC model system, FPR1-, but not FPR2-knockout, enhanced tumour formation. However, it should be noted that the prominent role of mFPR2 with respect to mFPR1 in the mouse colon might be due to the significantly higher expression of mFPR2 than mFPR

• br G protein coupled receptor

  2021-11-03

  

  G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), also known as a free fatty Biotin-tyramide receptor, is dominantly expressed in pancreatic β cells and intestine K, L cells., . Besides, GPR40 is also reported to be expressed in brain, but its function is still unknown. It is well documented that GPR40 agoni

• Epigenetic inheritance is regarded as the genetic modificati

  2021-11-03

  

  Epigenetic inheritance is regarded as the genetic modification of Mesoridazine Besylate that affects gene expression and related processes of other DNAs but does not directly change the DNA coding sequence [18]. Epigenetic inheritance includes DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RN

• The combination of HIV antigen and antibody

  2021-11-02

  

  The combination of HIV antigen and antibody testing with the fourth generation immunoassays shortens the window icilin for HIV by detecting HIV antigen, which appears in the blood before seroconversion [3,5,11,12]. Analysis of the seroconversion panels indicated the Elecsys® HIV Duo assay has a good

• The proposed contributory role of endogenous histamine

  2021-11-02

  

  The proposed contributory role of endogenous histamine via activation of H1 receptor in the locomotor sensitization induced by caffeine was further ratified by H1 receptor antagonism during the induction phase and subsequently its effect on expression to locomotor sensitization induced by caffeine.

• Cabazitaxel It has been reported that CD glioma stem cells

  2021-11-02

  

  It has been reported that CD133+ glioma stem Cabazitaxel are resistant to temozolomide (TMZ) therapy [155]. Dose dependent TMZ treatment of CD133+ cells enhanced activities of the Notch and SHh pathways [156]. Moreover, 500 μmol/L TMZ induced a significant upregulation of Gli1, HES1 and HES5 transc

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion br

  2021-11-02

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Conclusion Pharmacophore modeling was applied to explore new probable Glo-I inhibitors. Ninety two pharmacophoric models were generated representing diverse types of interaction between co-crystallized ligands and corresponding binding site. The g

• Introduction Histamine was generally accepted as a neurotran

  2021-11-02

  

  Introduction Histamine was generally accepted as a neurotransmitter in 1984, when histamine was first identified to be located in tuberomamillary nucleus (TM) of the brain (Watanabe et al., 1984). In mammals, histaminergic neurons play an important role in regulating multiple physiological activiti

• br Materials and methods br

  2021-11-02

  

  Materials and methods Results Aberrant Aβ has been suggested to be an initiating factor for glutamate excitotoxicity in AD pathology. To investigate whether Aβ1-42 alters glutamate uptake in astrocytes, neurons, and astrocyte-neuron co-cultures, we used synthetic Aβ1-42 peptide. Aβ1-42 has fas

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